Byzantine Empire

Oldest Ten Commandments Tablet Shatters Auction Records, Selling for $5 Million at Sotheby’s

Two gloved handlers holding an inscribed Ten Commandments stone tablet upright.

In a stunning moment for history and collectors alike, the oldest inscribed tablet of the Ten Commandments has achieved an extraordinary $5 million price tag at Sotheby’s New York, far exceeding its pre-auction estimate of $1-2 million. The artifact, a singular treasure from the Late Roman-Byzantine era (ca. 300-800 CE), is believed to be the only complete stone inscription of the commandments surviving from antiquity.

Ethical Dilemmas in Art Conservation and Restoration: Preserving the Sacred Legacy of Christian Icons

Venizelos G. Gavrilakis at the International Conference on the Documentation of Ecclesiastical Cultural Heritage.

This March 11-13, 2024, the International Conference on the Documentation of Ecclesiastical Cultural Heritage took place in Sofia at the New Conference Hall, St Kliment of Ohrid University of Sofia. Experts and scholars convened to explore and discuss the documentation, digitization, and preservation of ecclesiastical cultural heritage. The conference commenced with addresses from distinguished guests, including the Mayor of Sofia, Mr. Vasil Terziev, the Rector of Sofia University, Georgi Valchev, the Deputy Rector of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Efstratios Stylianidis, the Board member of KMKD Eva Şarlak, and other esteemed academics and members of KMKD (Association for the Protection of Cultural Heritage).

Exploring the Significance of Christian Icons

Detail of Christ Pantocrator from St. Catherine’s Monastery, showing the face and halo.

The term “icon” finds its roots in the Greek language, derived from the word Εικόνα, pronounced as “Ikona” in Greek and translated to “Icon” in English. It signifies an image or representation, predominantly portraying figures such as Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary, and saints. Additionally, icons depict events from Christian sources, including the Old and New Testaments, Gospels, the lives of Jesus and saints, and other sacred texts. Icons stand as highly symbolic artworks, laden with profound meaning and character.

The “Byzantine Mona Lisa” Discovered in Istanbul

Detail of the Panagia Eleousa icon, with the Virgin Mary and Christ Child beneath an ornate metal covering.

In a church on the Princes’ Islands of Istanbul, a masterpiece and Byzantine treasure awaited discovery. This unique bilateral post-Byzantine icon of Panagia Eleousa held a peculiar feature: on its reverse side, there was another painted icon from the 14th century, which had remained “hidden” for over a hundred years inside a heavy metal box, kept in the Church of Panagia Eleousa on Büyükada/Pringipos. This magnificent, rare, and unique artifact, often regarded as the Byzantine Mona Lisa, has endured through the centuries, conveying numerous historical, social, and artistic messages. With the expertise of a conservator, who tends to it as an art doctor, it has been safeguarded for future generations. Currently, this masterpiece is housed at the Church of Panagia Eleousa in Büyükada/Pringipos, Istanbul.